Explain why aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water rather than in warm water.
Aquatic species need dissolved oxygen for breathing. As solubility of gases decreases with increase of temperature, less oxygen is available in summer in the lake. Hence the aquatic species feel more comfortable in winter (low temperature) when the solubility of oxygen is higher.
State Henry’s law and mention two of its important applications.
Henry’s law : Henry’s law states that “The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas in the solution “, Applications of Henry’s law : (i) To increase the solubility of CO2 in soft drinks and soda water, the bottle is sealed under high pressure. (ii) To avoid a dangerous medical condition called bends, scuba divers use oxygen diluted with less soluble helium gas.
Why do gases nearly always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised?
This is because the dissolution of gas in liquid is an exothermic process. The solubility should decrease with increase in temperature.
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How is the vapour pressure of a solvent affected when a non-volatile solute is dissolved in it?
The vapour pressure of a solvent decreases when a non-volatile solute is dissolved in it because some solvent molecules are replaced by the molecules of solute.